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Worms and Worm Gears

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About Worms and Worm Gears

Worm gears are cylindrical gears with a spiral thread that drive mating worm wheels in high-reduction gearset applications. They operate on non-intersecting perpendicular axes.  Worm gears are widely used for speed reduction or increase, torque multiplication and resolution, and accuracy enhancement for positioning systems. Worm gear drives provide substantial speed reduction and torque multiplication in a comparatively small design package. 

Worm gears mate or mesh via teeth with very specific geometry.  Pitch is a measure of tooth spacing and is expressed in several ways: Circular pitch (CP) is a direct measurement of the distance from one tooth center to the adjacent tooth center. Diametral pitch (DP) is the ratio of number of teeth to the pitch diameter (in inches) of a gear; a higher DP therefore indicates finer tooth spacing. This is the most common pitch designation for gears with English design units.  Module (mod or M) is used for metric gears and is the ratio of pitch diameter (in mm) to the number of teeth; a higher module therefore indicates coarser tooth spacing.  Pressure angle is another specification of tooth form and is the angle of tooth drive action, i.e. the angle between the line of force between meshing teeth and the tangent to the pitch circle at the point of mesh. Worm gears must have the same pitch and pressure angle in order to mesh.  Other important parameters to consider include number of teeth, face width, and gear hand direction.  Worm gears have a right or left hand specification, which describes the direction of tooth curve. 

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Products & Services Related to Worms and Worm Gears

Bevel and Miter Gears
Bevel and miter gears have conical faces that operate on intersecting axes. Miter gears are bevel gears with a 1:1 ratio operating on right axes.
Gears
Gears are mechanical devices that transmit power and motion between axes.
Helical Gears
Helical gears transmit power and motion between parallel axes (opposite hand) or right-angle axes (same-hand).
Hypoid Gears
Hypoid gears have specially formed teeth on a circular face that are driven by a worm-like drive on non-intersecting axes.
Metric Gears
Metric gears are defined by module, which designates the center-to-center distance between successive teeth.
Rack and Pinion Gears
Rack and pinion gears are used to convert rotation into linear motion.
Spur Gears
Spur gears are straight-toothed gears with radial teeth that transmit power and motion between parallel axes.

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