Round Belt Pulleys

Round belt pulleys or grooved pulleys are used in drives and mechanical systems with o-ring belts, round belts, cables, ropes and wires. The belt rides at the bottom of the pulley groove and requires elongation or stretch to maintain tension and friction against the pulley. Devices with an idler contain a center bearing which allows the pulley to rotate freely. Typically, idler pulleys are used as tensioners or free pulleys in larger mechanical systems. Round belt pulleys are designed to accept belts of a specific diameter and have one or more pulley grooves. Pitch diameter measures the line of action and is taken at the center of the circular pulley groove. Outside diameter is the full diameter to the outside of the pulley’s flanges. Bore diameter measures the size of the center hole for shaft mounting. Some round belt pulleys are measured in English design units such as inches (in) and fractions of an inch. Others use metric design units such as millimeters (mm) or centimeters (cm).  

Round belt pulleys differ in terms of pulley material, web style, and shaft mounting style. Pulley materials vary widely in terms of power transmission, speed rating, and strength. Common materials of construction include aluminum, brass, cast iron, steel, stainless steel, and plastic. There are three basic pulley web styles. Solid round belt pulleys have a uniform thickness along the entire radius. Thin-web or ribbed-web pulleys are designed to reduce pulley weight. Spokes are also used to reduce pulley weight, but usually in larger devices. In terms of mounting styles, some round belt pulleys attach the hub to the shaft with one or more set screws. Others have a slot for a shaft key drive. Simple-bore devices with integral hubs that do not include mounting features are also available. Welded pulleys have a straight bore that is attached to a separate hub. Quick-detach (QD) devices feature hubs that are relatively easy to remove. Clamp hubs require a separate clamp. Taper bushing devices have a bolt-on hub for shaft locking.

Round belt pulleys are used in a variety of lifting and material handling applications. They can be used individually or with other pulleys to increase or decrease load capacity as necessary. Applications for round belt pulleys include lathes, light-duty milling machines, drills, and power tools.

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