Permanent magnets (PM) are embedded into the rotor assembly. The rotor aligns itself with the rotating magnetic field of the stator windings. PM motors exhibit constant speed with varying load (zero slip) and provide relatively high torque, good efficiency, and lower current draw than comparable synchronous motors.
Shunt wound motors exhibit minimum speed variation through load range and can be configured for constant horsepower over an adjustable speed range. Frequent applications include machine tools, fans, and blowers.
Compound wound motors are designed with both a series and shunt field winding. They are often used where the primary load requirement is heavy starting torque, and adjustable speed is not required. They can exhibit speed variation from no-load to full-load. Applications include elevators, hoists, and industrial shop equipment.
Disc armatures are flat, pancake-shaped rotors that are driven by an axially, rather than radially, aligned magnetic field. The thin construction of these armatures can result in low inertia with resulting high acceleration.
Coreless and slotless motors incorporate a cylindrical winding that is physically outside of a set of permanent magnets. The winding is not held by a slotted iron cage but is laminated together. In a slotless motor, the magnets attached to the rotor rotate. In a coreless motor, the windings rotate around the permanent magnet stator.
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Brushless motors have their armature windings on the stator and the field on the rotor. They rely on internal noncontact sensing devices to activate external commutating electronics.
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This category includes units with single integral gearheads, or replaceable / interchangeable gearhead options.
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Spur gear heads include one or more sets of pinion-gear sets, in which one pinion drives one gear. These sets can be stacked or cascaded to achieve higher reduction ratios.
Planetary gear heads involve several gears per stage rather than one pinion-gear set. A "sun gear" drives multiple planet or satellite gears, which then mesh on the inside of an internal or annular gear to provide relatively high torque and power transmission ratings.
Harmonic drives are extremely precise speed reduction systems, which transmit power via a rotating elliptical element that engages a flexible cup that then engages an internal gear, typically fixed. This power transmission delivers precise angular position in very high input-to-output ratio (50:1 & up) applications.
Worm gearing uses right-angled drives in which a worm drives a wheel coupled to the output shaft or shafts. This arrangement is used for high reduction and compact right-angle power transmission.
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Gearbox ratio is the ratio of input speed to output speed. A ratio greater than one indicates speed reduction, while a ratio less than one indicates speed increase.
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Efficiency is the percentage of power or torque that is transferred through the gearbox. Losses occur due to factors such as friction and slippage inside the gearbox.
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Integral encoders are attached for angular position signal. These encoders may include absolute or incremental encoders and a number of different encoder signal types.
Integral resolvers indicate angular position. Resolvers often rely on magnetic fields and are typically very robust; they are sometimes specified for harsh environments.
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Refers to the base units for specifications such as diameter, length, and threading. Combinations are possible and this information is not known for some products.
Metric units such as millimeters or centimeters are used for primary dimensions as the shaft size, mounting geometry, etc.
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Square motor bodies have a square or rectangular shape.
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NEMA frame sizes conform to a standard size and mounting configuration identified by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). Only numerical sizes are searchable in this field.
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Open-frame of frameless enclosures have minimal or frame-like support, but no overall casing.
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Totally enclosed motors have an enclosure that prevents free exchange of air between the inside and the outside of the enclosure. Common ratings are TEFC (fan-cooled) and TENV (non-ventilated); this is not an airtight rating. These motors are most frequently used in potentially contaminated environments.
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Drip-proof motors contain ventilation openings that are designed so that drops of liquid or solid particles falling from any angle within 15 degrees of vertical cannot enter the motor.
Motors with an IP rating of IPx1 through IPx9 are considered drip-proof.
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Clean rooms are classified by particulate size and density in the ambient air. One such rating method classifies rooms according to number of particles larger than 0.5 micron in one cubic foot of air. There are various governmental, metric, and international standards. Motors rated for suitability in a clean room will identify the particular standard for which they are rated.
Explosion-proof motors have totally enclosed housings that are constructed to withstand internal explosion of a specified gas, vapor, or dust. Should such an explosion occur, the enclosure would prevent the ignition or explosion of the gas or vapor surrounding the motor enclosure. Several explosion-proof ratings are governed by Underwriter's Laboratories (UL).
Radiation-hardened motors are constructed of materials designed to withstand high-energy gamma radiation. Ratings are expressed in units such as permissible RADs in total accumulated dose (TAD).
Vacuum-rated motors incorporate features such as lubricant vapor pressure below rated ambient vacuum and construction techniques.
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